Spot It Early: Understanding Diabetes

by Dr Wong Chooi Yee Melissa, Medical Officer

We hear about diabetes all the time, but it’s not just something that “older people” get. Diabetes mellitus can affect anyone, from kids to adults, and it often sneaks up quietly. The tricky part? You might not even realise you have it until it’s caused real harm to your heart, kidneys, or eyes. 

The good news? Catching it early makes a world of difference. With the right lifestyle changes and timely treatment, diabetes can be managed,  and complications can be prevented. 

So, What Exactly Is Diabetes? 

Think of insulin as your body’s “key” that lets sugar (glucose) into your cells to give you energy. When your body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it properly, sugar builds up in your blood. Over time, that’s where the problems start. 

Why Early Detection Matters 

Detecting diabetes early allows you to make lifestyle changes or begin treatment before serious health issues develop. Many people with diabetes do not notice symptoms at first, which is why screening and awareness are essential. 

Early Signs to Look Out For 

While symptoms may vary, some common early signs include: 

• Increased thirst and frequent urination 

• Unexplained weight loss or fatigue 

• Blurred vision 

• Slow-healing cuts or infections 

• Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet 

• Increased hunger 

In children and adolescents, symptoms may be similar, but they may also experience bed-wetting or irritability. 

Risk Factors Across All Age Groups 

Several factors can increase the risk of developing diabetes: 

• Family history: Having relatives with diabetes increases the risk. 

• Obesity: Excess body weight, particularly around the abdomen, is a key risk factor. 

• Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity contributes to insulin resistance. 

• Poor diet: High intake of sugary foods, sweetened drinks, and processed foods. 

• Age: The risk increases after the age of 45, although diabetes can occur at any age, including childhood. 

• Certain medical conditions: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and gestational diabetes can increase risk. 

• Ethnicity: Some ethnic groups, such as South Asians, Africans, Hispanics, and Native Americans, have a higher risk. 

Time for a Reality Check — Who Should Get Screened? 

Regular screening is recommended for: 

• Individuals who are overweight or obese 

• Those with a family history of diabetes 

• People with high blood pressure or abnormal cholesterol levels 

• Women who have had gestational diabetes 

• Individuals over 45 years of age, regardless of other risk factors 

• Children and adolescents who are obese or have a family history of diabetes 

Takeaway: Don’t Wait for a Wake-Up Call 

Early detection is everything. If you’ve noticed any symptoms, or just have that gut feeling something’s off, get a simple blood test like fasting glucose or an oral glucose tolerance test. Small changes today can prevent major health issues tomorrow. Diabetes doesn’t have to control your life, especially if you take control early.